How to access USB Flash Drive?
To know the drives and their partition you need to execute
# fdisk -l
Another option is to list the last 5 entries from /dev to know what devices got attached
$ ls -ltr /dev | tail
And another option is to use the lsusb command.
USB Flash drive will normally be listed down as /dev/sdb1
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The help pages state …
su – run a shell with substitute user and group id’s
sudo – execute a command as another user (or root)
When ‘sudo‘ is used with a command, the command gets executed with privileges set for the user and the group she belongs to. If a password is required and if it is given initially, the session will be valid depending on the time set for each session and the user needn’t have to type the password within that duration. /etc/sudoers is the location where permission settings for sudoers are being set.
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CakePHP Steps involved in Baking Scripts:
i) Setup cakephp by ensuring that there is no warning message in the index page after initial installation. (for this you need to change salt value in /app/config/core.php, enable /app/config/database.php)
ii) Create a database and a user for the database. After this apply the database configuration parameters to /app/config/database.php
If you are running the bake for the first time, it will ask you to create database configuration for the first time.
iii) Ensure that the path or the environment variable is set with access to PHP, MySQL executables
c:/> PATH or $ echo $PATH
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Step 1: $ sudo apt-get install postfix
Postfix configuration screen throws you with the following options to choose from
i) No changes (no changes to configuration settings)
ii) Internet site (Mail sent and received using SMTP)
iii) Internet with smarthost (Mail sent to another machine called smarthost)
iV) Satellite system (All mail sent to another machine for delivery)
v) Local only (No network based mail system. Only applied to this local machine)
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It is often advisable not to disclose information than is necessary when web request are made to Apache server.
By default, Apache displays the version of the server, modules loaded in the server and the version of PHP if PHP is configured with Apache.
In httpd.conf file, set the following directives.
ServerSignature Off
ServerTokens ProductOnly
By default, ServerSignature is set to Off and ServerTokens is set to Full in most Linux distros.
In ubuntu, it is
$ apache2 -v
In CentOS, it is
$ httpd -v
To find out where apache2 or httpd program is installed you can do the
$ whereis apache2 or,
$ locate httpd
First list down the CD/DVD devices connected to your machine and find the device name. Some of the tools that comes handy in an Ubuntu machine are ‘wodim’, ‘genisoimage’
Wodim stands for Write Data to Optical Disk Media. If you don’t have the software installed in your Ubuntu release do an apt-get
$ apt-get install wodim
To know more about wodim and its parameter definition try man on wodim
To list the CD/DVD devices on the machine, issue
$ wodim –devices
wodim: Overview of accessible drives (2 found) :
————————————————————————-
0 dev=’/dev/scd0′ rwrw– : ‘HL-DT-ST’ ‘CD-RW GCE-8481B’
1 dev=’/dev/scd1′ rwrw– : ‘HL-DT-ST’ ‘DVD-ROM GDR8161B’
Our read-write CD device is in /dev/scd0. So our command for burning the .iso image
$ wodim dev=/dev/scd0 driveropts=burnfree -v -data ubuntu8desktop.iso
To burn audio files
$ wodim dev=/dev/scd0 driveropts=burnfree -v -audio one.wav two.wav three.wav
Further read
i) ubuntu guide http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Feisty/CDDVDBurning
ii) ubuntu site https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CdDvd/Burning
If you are to setup CakePHP in a virtual hosting environment, we need to ensure that the DocumentRoot is setup correctly. Based on the experience I have had I thought to list down the virtual host setting and cakephp .htaccess setting files.
root@myserver:/etc/apache2/conf.d# cat vhosts.conf
NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.100:80
<VirtualHost 192.168.1.100:80>
ServerName cakeapp
DocumentRoot /var/www/cakeapp
</VirtualHost>
(Note that there is no ending forward slash after /var/www/cakeapp. If there had been one, it might cause a problem if the /var/www/cakeapp/app/config/routes.php is not configured correctly indicating a never ending loop in resolving domain name)
root@myserver:/etc/apache2/conf.d# cat /var/www/cakeapp/.htaccess
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^$ app/webroot/ [L]
RewriteRule (.*) app/webroot/$1 [L]
</IfModule>
Virtual Hosting in Ubuntu Hardy Heron: Case Example
Consider the case of two domain names mysite1 and site2 to be served on IP Address 192.168.1.100 (port 80)
Before proceeding let us look at how resolv.conf and hosts file are set up …
$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
search kurinchilion.com
nameserver 192.168.1.100
$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.1.100 myserver.kurinchilion.com myserver
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
ff02::3 ip6-allhosts
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