Download the latest version of Zend framework from
http://framework.zend.com/download/latest
At the time of writing it was 1.10.2 available at Zend 1.10.2
$ pwd
/tmp
$ wget http://framework.zend.com/releases/ZendFramework-1.10.2/ZendFramework-1.10.2.tar.gz
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Run the below command to check what user and group apache is running as, by typing
$ ps auwfx | grep apache2
root 28937 0.0 0.1 3004 756 pts/0 S+ 12:35 0:00 | \_ grep apache2
root 25235 0.0 2.5 37744 12992 ? Ss Mar18 0:06 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data 27102 0.0 1.3 38252 6972 ? S Mar21 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
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Linux variables have the prefix $. Variables that will be useful in shell scripting are listed below.
$$ Process ID number of the shell in execution
$? Variable indicating Exit status (from the last command that got executed)
$* Entire argument string in the command line (excluding script name)
$# Number of arguments in the command line (not counting the shell script name)
To access arguments passed to a script, following variables are used.
$0 Name of the program (with entire path)
$1 First argument passed in the command line
$2 Second argument passed in the command line
$n Nth argument passed in the command line
To move or shift to a specified argument in the list of arguments, “shift” command is used. For example, to shift 1 argument just type “shift” or “shift 1” and to shift to the third argument in the list type “shift 2“.
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$PATH is the environment variable related to Linux Path settings.
To add a directory to the path, type
$ export PATH=$PATH:/tmp/myshells
The above change is in effect only in the shell from where it is being called
To set the PATH for a specific user, type the below 2 lines in the user’s .bash_profile file ($HOME/.bash_profile).
PATH=$PATH:/tmp/myshells
export PATH
To set the PATH for ALL users except the root user, type the following line in /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/tmp/myshells
Root user is not affected by any setting changes under /etc/profile. To set the path for the root user, we need to modify the root users’ .bash_profile (/root/.bash_profile)
For example, if we have shell script named “myshellscript.sh” (with execute permission) we can make it run in the current working directory with the commands
$ sh myshellscript.sh (or)
$ ./myshellscript.sh
If the shell scripts are stored in an executable path, it will save us from typing extra keystrokes. To find the paths that are setup, type
$ echo $PATH
/usr/bin: /usr/local/bin
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Shell scripts are written to execute a set of commands and to group them. The scripts will have the following special line
#!/bin/bash
This is an indication that the shell script is used in bash shell and that it should be called for command execution.
To know the path of the bash shell, type
$ cat /etc/shells
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To create a password file and to add users to it, use the command
$ htpasswd -cm /secured/.mypass username1
To add users to the already existing password file, use the command
$ htpasswd -m /secured/.mypass username2
When additional users are added to the password file, ensure that you don’t use the “-c” option.
Alias command comes handy when we are in need to make long and frequently used command string short.
To list the current set of aliases simply type
$ alias
To display the set alias for a specified alias name, type
$ alias alias-shortstring
Example:
$ alias ls
To set an alias you use the format
$ alias shortstring = “linux command string”
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Edit ports.conf file and configure the port number for the different IP’s configured for network interfaces
Listen 192.168.1.100:8001
Listen 192.168.1.200:8002
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